西部地区农村留守人口居住社区化研究——以关中地区农民意愿调查为例

Research on Rural Community Left-Behind Population in the Western Region of China——Survery on Farmers' Wills in the GuanZhong Area

随着农村青壮年劳动人口持续大规模地进城务工经商,农村普遍出现了空心村和空巢家庭,产生了留守人口问题.特别是与农户土地分散经营紧密相连的分散居住方式,既缺乏公共设施与公共服务,也浪费稀缺耕地资源,还不利于村民居住生活质量的提高,留守族困境难以化解.文中研究以欠发达地区农村留守家庭为背景,以集聚经济理论为指导,以入户问卷调查数据为依据,借鉴国内外相关理论,运用统计分析和规范分析相结合等方法,系统分析了影响农民居住意愿转变的主要因素与实施路径,继而得出了如下结论:加快区内农业产业化、土地资源优化和农民非农化步伐;实施政府规划和社区基础设施及公共服务设施投入先行;在尊重农民意愿的基础上,稳步推进农村新型社区建设,实现农民居住社区化和居住生活质量提高,有效化解留守族困境,全面建设社会主义新农村.

With the large-scale migration the rural young labor forces’ to cities ,hollow villages and nest families appear universally ,resulting in the problem of left-behind population .Especially ,the scattered way of living ,which is closely linked to decentralized management of land ,lacks public facilities and public services ,and is the waste of scarce land resources .Moreover ,it is not conducive to improving the quality of life .It is difficult to get the left-behind groups out of the dicemma .With the left-behind groups in the under developed areas as the subjects ,the centralization economic theory as the guidance ,a household survey was conducted .By using the relevant theories at home and abroad ,and the method of combining statistical analysis and normative analysis ,the paper makes a systematic analysis of the main factors affecting farmers’ will of residence and its implementation path .The following conclusions are drawn ：Accelerate the pace of agricultural industrialization ,land resource optimization and farmers’ non-agriculturization ;implement government planning and the construction of community infrastructure and public service facilities ;promote steadily the construction of the new rural communities according to the wills of farmers ,achieve residential community and improve the quality of life ,in order to effectively resolve the plight of left-behind groups ,and finally build a new socialist countryside .