脂肪干细胞修复泌尿系统损伤:应用现状及问题

Adipose-derived stem cells for repair of urinary system injury:current situation and problems in application

背景:虽然目前还未有脂肪干细胞在输尿管修复中应用的报道,但是随着对脂肪干细胞研究的不断深入,以及向血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、尿路上皮细胞分化条件控制的日趋成熟,其用于肾脏和膀胱修复与重建等的实验研究也日渐增多。目的:综述近年来有关脂肪干细胞在泌尿系统损伤修复中的研究及其应用。方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索PubMed数据库,检索时限2001年1月至2013年9月。检索关键词:Adipose tissue-derived stem cell/adipose tissue-derived stromal cells/ADSCs,tissue engineering,kidney,ureter,ureathra,bladder,urology;同时检索中国期刊数据库2001年1月至2013年9月的相关文章,检索词为"脂肪干细胞,组织工程,肾脏,输尿管,尿道,膀胱",纳入有关脂肪干细胞及其在泌尿系统中应用的文章,排除与研究目的无关和内容重复的文章。保留52篇文献做进一步分析。结果与结论:脂肪干细胞以其取材方便,多向诱导分化能力强的独特优势应用到泌尿系统组织工程,既可为泌尿系统修复、重建提供全新的治疗模式,又可解决传统治疗中的免疫排斥、器官来源和伦理学问题。脂肪干细胞已成为修复泌尿系统损伤的理想细胞来源之一,并且已大量应用到实验动物体内,其研究具有非常重要的临床意义,但是目前该细胞应用于临床上还需解决以下问题:其特定表面标志的鉴定、向特定细胞分化的条件控制、作用机制等。

BACKGROUND： Although there is no report of adipose-derived stem cells in ureteral repair, but with the deepening of the research of adipose stem cells, the differentiation conditions of adipose-derived stem cells to the vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and urothelial cells are more mature, and the experimental research of adipose-derived stem cells in the repair and reconstruction of kidney and bladder is also increasing. OBJECTIVE： To summarize the adipose-derived stem cells research and its application in damage and repair of urinary system in recent years. METHODS： The first author retrieved PubMed database and CNKI databases for articles relevant to adipose-derived stem cells in the repair of urinary system published between January 2001 to September 2013 using the keywords of ＂adipose tissue-derived stem cell/adipose tissue-derived stromal cells/ADSCs; tissue engineering; kidney; ureter; ureathra; bladder; urology＂ in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 52 articles were included for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Adipose-derived stem cells which can be found easily and have the unique advantages of multi-directional differentiation ability have been used for repairing and constructing the urinary system. Adipose-derived stem cells provide a new model of treatment for the urinary tract, which solves the traditional problems, including immune rejection, source of organs and ethical issues, and become an ideal cell source in repair of urinary system. Accumulated data related to adipose-derived stem cells and its experiment and clinical application in repair of urinary system injuries have been reported. But before the cells are widely used in clinic, the following problems need to be solved： its specific surface marker identification, specific conditions and control of cell differentiation, mechanisms of action.