微小 RNA(miRNA)对骨组织代谢影响的研究进展

Research progress of the effect of micro RNA on the metabolism of bone tissue

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一种非蛋白质的新型基因表达调控因子,广泛存在于真核生物中,参与了各种重要的细胞生物学过程。miRNA在骨组织代谢过程中亦发挥了重要作用,研究人员对骨代谢相关miRNA的作用靶基因、信号通路等进行了大量研究,发现它们在调控骨组织代谢性疾病方面具有重要意义,因此笔者就miRNA的生物学特性、成骨相关miRNA、成软骨相关miRNA,骨吸收相关miRNA以及骨代谢性疾病相关miRNA的研究进展作一综述。骨代谢相关miRNA的研究仍处于初级阶段,但是它在组织发育及疾病发生发展过程中具有明显的特异性表达,又结合其组织特异性及时序性的特点,miRNA就可以作为疾病的诊断标志物用于临床诊断中。

MicroRNA （ miRNA） is a new type of non-protein factor, which regulates gene expression, widely exists in eukaryotic organisms, and participates in a variety of important cytobiology processes.miRNA also plays an important role in bone tissue metabolism.Through abundant researches on the target genes and signal pathways of bone metabolic related miRNA, the researchers discover that they play an important role in the regulation of bone metabolic diseases.Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of the biological characteristics of miRNA, including osteogenic related miRNA, chondrogenic related miRNA, bone resorption related miRNA, and bone metabolic diseases related miRNA.Athough the study of bone metabolic related miRNA is still at a preliminary stage, it shows significant specific expression in the process of tissue development and the pathogenesis and development of diseases.Combining with its characteristics of tissue specificity and time sequence, miRNA can be used as a biomarker for disease diagnosis in clinical diagnosis.