磁性纳米粒子的制备及其在重金属离子处理中的应用

Preparation and Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles Dealing with Heavy Metal Ions

重金属离子污染已成为当前最重要的环境问题之一,建立有效去除和监测重金属离子的方法具有重大意义。磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)除了具有纳米粒子的体积小、表面积大、活性位点高等特点外,其本身具有的磁学特性使MNPs在分离科学领域具有独特的优势。近年来,MNPs在环境分析领域的应用逐渐增多,尤其是在重金属离子的处理方面。该文综述了共沉淀法、微乳液法、溶剂热法和热分解法等几种常见的磁性纳米粒子合成方法,重点讨论了磁性纳米粒子在常见重金属离子如Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)、Hg(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)处理中的应用,并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。

Heavy metal ion pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today.The development of reliable methods for the removal and determination of heavy metals in environment is of particular significance.Magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs）,a new kind of nanometer-sized material,are widely used in different fields.Besides their extremely small size,high surface area,and great amount of activity sites,MNPs have the intrinsical magnetic properties which improved their unique applications in the field of separation science.Without complex centrifugation and filtration process,MNPs can be easily separated from a sample system by applying an external magnetic field.In recent years,MNPs have obtained much attention in environmental analysis,especially in treatment of heavy metal ions.In this review,the common synthetic methods developed for the preparation of MNPs,such as co-precipitation method,microemulsion method,solvothermal and thermal decomposition method are discussed.This review focuses on the applications of MNPs dealing with heavy metal ions,such as Cu（Ⅱ）,Pb（Ⅱ）,Cr（Ⅵ）,Hg（Ⅱ）,Cd（Ⅱ） and Ni（Ⅱ）.Finally,the future trends and developments in this research area are prospected.