纳米陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料的制备技术

Preparation Technology of Nano Ceramic Particles Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite Materials

介绍了纳米陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料的常用制备技术。对固相烧结法和液态铸造法等工艺方法的机理、特点和现阶段开发程度,以及由这些制备工艺所开发的新材料的优异的微观组织和力学性能进行了全面分析,综合评价了各种工艺的优缺点。由于降低了基体金属对陶瓷颗粒的润湿性要求,高能球磨法成为国内外制备该种材料的主要方法之一。与高能球磨法相比,超声辅助液相铸造技术由于能使纳米颗粒在金属熔体中有良好的润湿性并均匀分布,且可以近净成型、制造成本低,因此也备受瞩目。最后,指出了现有制备方法中存在的问题及其进一步的发展趋势。

Abstract： The common fabrication technologies of nano ceramic particles reinforced metal matrix composite materials are introduced. The technologies mainly include the solid state sintering method and liquid casting method. The mechanisms, characteristics and levels of development at the present stage about these preparation technologies are analyzed. Many novel materials are synthesized by these technologies. They have excellent properties in microstructure and mechani- cal property. The advantages and disadvantages of various technologies are synthetically evalua- ted. Due to the reduction of wetting requirements between the matrix metal and ceramic parti- cles, the high energy milling method is one of the main methods for the preparation of this mate- rial at home and abroad. Compared with the high energy milling method, the ultrasonic vibration assisted liquid stirring casting technology also attracts more attentions due to the good wettability and uniform distribution of nanoparticles in metal melts, nearer net shape and low manufacturing cost. Finally, the existing problem in preparation methods and the further development trend are indicated.