人性在《亲合力》伦理关系中的两难

The Dilemma of Humanity in the Ethical Relation of Affinity

在《亲合力》中,歌德以婚姻爱情为实验载体在人与人之间的社会关系问题上作了一次大胆试验,通过试验显示了人的自然情感与社会规范、人的激情与婚姻机制之间矛盾的无法调和性,并以此来探讨人性和人生的局限问题。小说第一次明确提出"魔力"和"断念"两个概念,并把它作为人性的两个基本层面——理智和情感在小说中充分展现。由此作者进一步探讨了两者是否能够达到平衡,以及在平衡的过程中人的自然天性和社会伦理规范的矛盾又该怎样解决等一系列问题。

In Die Wahlverwandtschaften （Affinity）, Goethe made a brave experiment on social relations problem by taking the opportunity of love and marriage. This experiment showed irreconcilable contradiction between natural affection and social etiquettes, passion and marriage mechanism, through which Goethe tried to probe into the limitation of humanity and life. The novel put forward two concepts ＂ magic＂ and ＂ desis- tance＂ clearly for the first time, and treated them as two basic aspects of human nature - reasons and emotion which are fully presented in this novel. Based on this, the writer made a further discussion on whether the two parts can get a balance and how to solve relevant problems about easing off the contradiction of humans＇natural qualities and social ethic standards during this balancing process.