基于模糊综合评判和GIS技术的矿山地质环境影响评价

Mine Geological Environment Impact Assessment Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and GIS Technology

蒲白矿产资源集中开采区分布于渭北黑腰带地区的蒲城和白水县,煤炭、石灰岩、铝土矿和粘土等多种矿产的持续开发,产生了各类的矿山地质环境问题,其中煤矿采空区塌陷及裂缝最为突出。选取了地形相对高差、岩土体特征、开采方式、有效深厚比、采空区面积比、矿山地质灾害发育密度、地下水位、压占破坏土地资源等11个指标作为评价因子,构建了矿山地质环境影响评价指标体系。采用模糊综合评判法对研究区矿山地质环境影响进行评价,并结合GIS空间分析技术划分为矿山地质环境影响严重区12个,较严重区4个,较轻区2个。评价结果与实际调查情况较为相近,较客观的反映了采矿活动对矿山地质环境的影响,并结合区内实际提出了矿山地质环境恢复治理措施建议,为矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理提供了依据。

The Pucheng-Baishui mineral resources concentrated exploitation area is spread over Pucheng and Baishui counties in so- called ＂biack-beh north of Weihe River＂, the unremitting exploitation of coaX, limestone, bauxite and clay has triggered various mine geological environment problems, most of all are the coalmine gob area subsidence and ground fissures. Using 11 indices including top- ographic relative elevation, rock and soil characteristics, mining method, effective ratio of mining depth and working thickness, gob ar- ea ratio, mine geological hazard development density, groundwater level, and land resources occupation and destruction as assessment factors have buih a mine geological environment impact assessment index system. Using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method car- ried out study area mine geological environment impact assessment, combined with GIS spatial analysis technology marked off 12 seri- ously impacted areas, 4 rather seriously impacted areas and 2 rather light impacted areas. The results from assessment and actual inves- tigation are similar, objectively reflected impacts from mining activities on mine geological environment. Based on practical situation in the area put forward suggestions of environment recovery and governing measures, thus the basis of mine geological environment protec- tion and recovery and harnessing.