战争与罗马工商业的发展——兼谈庞培古城的羊毛制造业

War and Roman Industry and Commerce's Development

从公元前 6世纪末到公元 1世纪 ,罗马已由一个共和制的城邦国家发展成为号令意大利半岛、称霸地中海世界的奴隶制大帝国。罗马从共和制到帝制这一历史巨变是通过不断向外扩张、征服完成的。本文重点论述罗马在大规模的扩张战争中工商业的发展 ,认为战争是刺激罗马工商业发展的原动力 ,统一帝国的建立促进了地中海世界商贸活动的开展。本文还介绍了庞培古城的羊毛制造业 。

Rome had become the rule of Italy and Mediterranean world by the end of the Republic. The Rome's great change of history from the Republic into the Empire was finished by her expansion or conquest. This article emphasizes that war was the motivation of Roman industry and commerce, and the establishment of the Empire promoted trade in the Mediterranean world. It also discusses the wool industry of ancient Pompii, in order to understand the social and economic conditions in the preliminary stages of the Empire.