民族关键符号在旅游场域中功能的异化--以民族服饰为例

THE FUNCTIONAL VARIATION OF THE CRITICAL SIGN OF ETHNIC GROUP IN TOURISM:TAKING COSTUME FOR EXAMPLE

现代旅游日益成为一种全球性流动。就目的地而言,旅游引发的是当地社会与文化的结构性变迁。一些文化符号,如民族服饰,在旅游资源整合中,被用于构造本地化的旅游文化"景观",营造某种突出异文化吸引力的"地方感"。然而,被进行资源化利用的文化符号,其原有的意义与功能也在旅游场域中悄然改变。本文讨论作为民族关键符号的民族服饰在旅游中功能的"异化":一方面,某些过去没有的功能"突生",表现在民族服饰的资源化、符号化、媒介化、商品化、工具化、舞台化六个方面;另一方面,一些原有功能则逐渐被"减抑",表现在民族服饰的去魅化、去内涵化、去情感化、去个性化四个方面,最后讨论促发这些变化背后的原因。

Tourism is increasingly becoming a global movement contemporary, bringing about the structural changes to the destination society and culture. Some cultural symbols, such as costumes, are era- ployed to construct the localization of tourist cultural ＂landscape＂ in the integration of tourist resources so as to create a prominent exotic cultural attraction, e.g. the ＂sense of place. ＂ However, the original ＂meaning＂ and function of the cultural symbols change quietly when they are utilized as a kind of resource in tourism. This paper discusses the functional variations of minority costumes, the critical symbols of ethnic group, in tourism, which manifested in the light of resource utilization, symbolization, commercialization, instrumentalization as an intermediary and the stage performance, the ＂abruptly emerged＂ function did not exist in the past, on the one hand, and which manifested as the gradual decreasing of some previous func- tions, mainly in terms of enchantment, connotation, emotion and personalization on the other hand. The pa- per discusses reasons leading to these variations.