煤炭资源开发生态补偿标准研究

Study of Ecological Compensation Standard in Coal Resource Exploitation

煤炭资源开发造成生态破坏和环境污染,对矿区当地居民财产、健康造成损失,需要建立生态补偿机制对矿区生态破坏和环境污染的经济损失进行补偿。生态补偿标准制定既要考虑煤炭资源开发造成的生态环境破坏和环境污染的经济价值损失,还要结合具体矿区生态环境问题及生态补偿主体的实际经济承担能力。从理论上讲,生态补偿标准要以修复矿区生态环境成本费用为下限,以生态环境服务价值损失补偿为上限。从生态补偿下限的角度建立煤炭资源开发生态补偿标准计量模型,并以新疆阜康市西沟煤矿为例,从生态破坏损失补偿、环境污染补偿以及居民损失补偿3个方面对生态补偿标准进行了测算。

Exploitation of coal resource has caused ecological destruction and environmental pollution, affecting the possessions and health of local residents, which necessitates the establishment of an ecological compensation mechanism to compensate for the economic loss caused by the ecological destruction and environmental pollution. Ecological compensation standard should be formulated by taking into account the loss of economic value by coal resource exploitation and the practical economic affordability. Theoretically, the floor level of ecological compensation standard should be based on the recovery of mine lot ecological environment, and the top level should be limited by the service value of ecological environment loss compensation. This paper uses the floor level of ecological compensation to build a measurement model of ecological compensation standard in coal resource exploitation, and estimates the cost of ecological compensation in terms of ecological destruction loss, environmental pollution and resident possessions loss, taking Xigou Coal Mine in Fukang City as a case of study.