利用微生物净水研究进展

Research progress on water purification by microorganism

近年来中国近海渔业水域环境污染和生物栖息生境破坏现象日益严重,海水富营养化程度趋势加剧,严重影响了海洋生态平衡,据调查,氮、磷(N、P)污染是造成海水富营养化的主要因素。微生物作为水域生态系统中的分解者,可对富营养化物质进行分解、吸收,驱动着水体中氮、磷等元素的生物化学循环。利用微生物净水技术和其他技术相结合的新型技术在研究和实践中被广泛应用,将微生物净水技术广泛应用于富营养化海域,是一种有效的防止海水富营养化措施。对国内外微生物净水的研究进展进行综述,以期为近海富营养化渔业水域的微生物净化、海洋生态修复和近海渔业发展提供参考。

Recent years, the fishery environment and biological habitats of China＇s coastal are destroyed seriously, the seawater eutrophication is tend to be intensified, and these seriously impacte the balance of marine ecological, restriete the sustainable development of coastal fisheries. According to the study, the main factors caused the seawater eutrophication are nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. As the decomposers of water ecosystems, microorganism could decompose and absorb the eutrophication, drive the nitrogen, phosphorus biogeoehemical cycles in the water; microorganism plays an important role in removing contaminants and nutrient cycle. Using microbial technology to recovery eutrophic seawater and combing other technologies are widely used in research and practice, it could effectively prevent the sea water eutrophication. This paper reviewed the main developments of microbial technology for recovering eutrophic water in domestic and overseas,aimed to provide reference for purification of eutrophic fishing waters,marine ecosystem restoration and offshore fisheries development.