基于GIS的西安市土地生态环境敏感性评价研究

The assessment of GIS-based land Eco-environmental sensitivity of Xi'an City

揭示西安市土地生态环境敏感性,不仅为不同区域开展土地生态建设与保护提供理论基础,还能为西安市土地资源的优化利用提供有力借鉴。采用单因子敏感性评价和综合敏感性评价相结合的方法,以ArcGIS为技术平台,从生境、水环境、土壤侵蚀和地质灾害4方面对西安市土地生态敏感性和空间分布开展研究。西安市土地生态敏感性区域差异比较明显,极敏感区位于西安市秦岭北坡的中高山地,总面积为2 132 km2,占西安市土地总面积的21.36%。高度敏感区主要是骊山丘陵和浐河、灞河的西安市上游区段,总面积为1 936 km2,占西安市土地总面积的19.40%。中度敏感区位于秦岭北麓与渭河平原过渡的缓斜地带,总面积为2 683 km2,占西安市土地总面积的26.88%。轻度敏感区包括西安市建成区周围平原地区,总面积为2 344 km2,占西安市土地总面积的23.49%。不敏感区主要包括西安市建成区,总面积为885 km2,占西安市土地总面积的8.87%。根据评价结果,应对不同敏感区采用不同的土地利用方式。

Using the method of single and comprehensive sensitivity evaluation and combining with ArcGIS platform, the paper has studied Xi＇an land ecological sensitivity and its spatial distribution in four aspects of the habitat, water environment, soil erosion and geological disaster. The results indicate that the regional differences of land eco-environmental sensitivity in the city are comparatively obvious. The extremely sensitive region takes up 21.36% of the total area of Xi＇an, with the area of 2 132 km2, maily located in middle and high mountains areas which are at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. The highly sensitive area is mainly distributed in Li Shan and the upstream section of Chan River and Ba River, with a total area of 1 936 km2, taking up 19.40% of the total area of Xi＇an. The moderately sensitive area accounts for 26. 88%, with the to tal area of 2 683 km2 , and is located in the north of Qinling Mountains to the north of the extremely sensitive area. The lightly sensitive area includes plain regions outside the built-up area of Xi＇an, with a total area of 2 344 km2 , which accounts for 23.49%. Insensitive area is mainly distributed in built-up areas, with a total ar- ea of 885 km2, which accounts for 20%.