中国改革深水区的法律试验新难题和基本思路——以中国(上海)自由贸易试验区的制度体系构建为主线

The New Challenges and Basic Ideas of the Legal Test of China's Reform in the Deepwater Area——Take the System Construction of the Free-trade Zone of China(Shanghai) as the Main Line

上海自贸区的法制环境建设是改革试验不可或缺的核心组成部分。但是,已步入改革深水区的此次制度创新的力度和尺度之大、难度之高,使得相应的这场法律试验面临极大的挑战。它在立法框架上的基本立场,是转向和接轨于国际标准规则的新多边主义;在执法体制上,期望通过简政放权而取得新政治体制的突破;在救济体系上,虽然相应司法机构的安排只能是"框架内的微调",但其拥有更多的法之外权衡空间,以及一系列多元性的处置原则和通道。在此基础上,真正实现从"法律试验"到"制度转型"的进化,且不能忽视制度构建的微观视角,要充分考量改革后执法监管体制的可复制,以及法外之地的专业多元解纷机制。

The legal environment construction of Shanghai free-trade zone is the indispensable core components of the pilot reform. However, this legal test is faced with great challenges due to both the big scale and great difficul- ty of this system innovation which is in the deep degree. It tries to bring the institutional innovation and reform to a higher level, broader ranges and more comprehensive directions. In the legislative, its basic position is to conform to the new muhilateralism of the international standard rules; In the law enforcement system, its expectation is to a- chieve new breakthrough by means of decentralization of political system; In the remedy system, it has much bigger extrajudicial space and a series of multiple principles and channels although the judicial institution arrangement can only be the fine-tuning in the framework. On this basis, in order to truly realize the evolution from the legal test to system transformation, we can not ignore the perspective of system construction, and should fully consider the replica- bility of the law enforcement supervision system after the reform, as Well as the extrajudicial multivariate dispute reso- lution mechanism.