输血前患者传染病指标的检测与应用研究

Applied study on indictors for infectious diseases before blood transfusion

目的通过对输血前患者的传染病指标进行检测,明确临床诊断,以预防手术感染及防止医疗事故纠纷的发生。方法选取医院2011年1月-2013年4月进行输血的2 350例患者作为观察组,另选取同期2 100名健康体检人员作为对照组,对其进行乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物(HBSAg)、丙型肝炎病毒血清标志物(抗-HCV)、艾滋病病毒血清标志物(抗-HIV)以及梅毒试验(TRUST)等检测,所有数据采用SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料采用χ2检验。结果输血前观察组患者HBSAg、TRUST、抗-HCV、HBSAg和抗-HCV阳性率,分别为12.89%、0.43%、0.30%、0.2%;输血前患者所检测的4项传染病指标呈现出的阳性率为13.79%,与2100名健康人员阳性率3.52%相比,传染病指标的阳性率明显偏高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=210.34,P<0.01),未检测出抗-HIV阳性率。结论通过对患者进行传染病指标检测,可有效预防医院感染的发生,降低医疗纠纷发生的概率,也是对医护人员及患者的生命安全提供可靠保障,因此,在输血和手术前,对患者进行传染病指标检测非常必要。

OBJECTIVE To detect the indicators for infectious diseases before blood transfusion and define the clinical diagnosis so as to prevent the surgical infections and the medical disputes. METHODS A total of 2 350 patients, who underwent the blood transfusion in the hospital from Jan 2011 to Apr 2013, were chosen as the observation group, and 2 100 healthy people who received physical examination during the same period were set as the control group, then the hepatitis B virus serum markers （HBSAg）, serum markers of hepatitis C virus （anti- HCV）, and serum markers of HIV （anti-HIV） were detected, and syphilis test （TRUST） was performed, all the data were statistically analyzed with the use of SPSSll. 0 software, and the chi-square test was conducted for the count data. RESULTS Before the blood transfusion, the positive rate of HBSAg of the observation group was 12.89~, TRUST 0.43~/oo, anti-HCV 0.30~//oo, HBSAg 0.20% ; while the positive rates of the 4 test indicators for infectious diseases were 13.79~ before the blood transfusion, significantly higher than 3.52~//00 of the 2100 healthy subjects, the difference was statistically significant （Zz = 210.34,P^0.01） ; the anti-HlV has not been detected. CONCLUSION The detection of the indicators for infectious diseases can effectively prevent nosocomial infections, reduce the incidence of medical disputes, and ensure the safety of the medical staff as well as the patients, therefore, it is very necessary to perform the detection of the indicators for infectious diseases.