乳腺癌患者手术化疗后的感染调查

Distribution of infections in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy

目的分析乳腺癌患者手术化疗后的感染分布,探讨有效的预防对策,以降低感染发生率。方法以2010年2月-2013年4月在医院进行乳腺癌手术化疗后发生感染的35例患者作为研究对象,将经过处理的标本接种到普通血平板和细菌培养基上进行细菌培养,按纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果 35例感染患者中共发生感染41例次,其中有4例患者发生≥2次的感染,以呼吸道感染为主共22例次,占53.66%;共分离出病原菌62株,其中革兰阴性菌34株占54.84%,革兰阳性菌16株占25.80%,真菌12株占19.36%,主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色假丝酵母菌、铜绿假单细胞菌,分别占20.97%、17.74%、16.13%、16.13%。结论乳腺癌术后化疗患者免疫力降低,为感染高危人群,感染部位以呼吸道为主,制定有效的护理对策能够降低感染发生率,提高治疗效果。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the distribution of infections in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy and explore effective prevention countermeasures so as to reduce the incidence of infections. METHODS A total of 35 breast cancer patients with postoperative infections, who underwent the chemotherapy in the hospital from Feb 2010 to Apr 2013, were enrolled in the study, then the processed specimens were inoculated into the common blood agar plate and bacterial culture medium for the bacterial culture, and the drug susceptibility testing was performed with the use of disk diffusion method. RESULTS The infections occurred in 35 cases （ 41 case-times ）, among which the infections occurred in 4 cases for more than two times, and there were 22 （53.66%） case-times of patients with respiratory tract infections. A total of 62 strains of pathogens have been isolated, including 34 （54.84%） strains of gram-negative bacteria, 16 （25.80%） strains of gram-positive bacteria, and 12 （19.36~） strains of fungi; the Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Candida albicans , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the predominant species of pathogens, accounting for 20. 97%, 17. 74%, 16. 13%, and 16. 13~, respectively. CONCLUSION The breast cancer patients are with low immunity after the chemotherapy and are the population at high risk for the infections; the respiratory tract is the predominant infection site; it is an effective way to put forward nursing countermeasures so as to reduce the incidence of infections and improve the therapeutic effect.