新生儿医院感染和非特异性免疫功能的研究

Prevalence of nosocomial infections in neonates and study on nonspecific immunity

目的探讨新生儿医院感染和非特异性免疫功能,为临床诊治提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析医院2010年10月-2012年10月收治的1 767例新生儿临床资料,总结其医院感染病原菌及感染部位分布,并制定相应的预防控制措施;采用SPSS18.0软件对所得的数据进行统计分析。结果 1 767例新生儿中发生医院感染80例,感染率4.53%,早产儿感染率为12.88%,明显高于足月儿的3.06%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.7935,P<0.01);80例患儿行细菌学培养,共培养出病原菌252株,前3位病原菌依次为白色假丝酵母菌、大肠埃希菌、表皮葡萄球菌,分别占36.90%、14.29%、11.51%,与其他病原菌相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);感染部位前3位为呼吸系统、眼部及皮肤,分别占25.00%、21.25%、18.75%,与其他部位比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过对新生儿非特异性免疫功能的检查,不断完善新生儿病房感染管理制度以及消毒隔离制度、预防控制呼吸道感染、合理使用抗菌药物、强化基础护理等,能有效地减少新生儿医院感染率,保证新生儿的生命安全。

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of nosocomial infections in neonates and the nonspecific immunity so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS The clinical data of 1767 neonates who were treated in the hospital from Oct 2010 to Oct 2012 were retrospectively analyzed, then the distribution of pathogens causing nosocomial infections and the infection sites were observed, the corresponding prevention countermeasures were formulated, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed with the use of SPSS18. 0 software. RESULTS Of the 1767 neonates, the nosocomial infections occurred in 80 cases with the infection rate of 4.53 ; the infection rate of the preterm neonates was 12.88, significantly higher than 3.06 % of the full-term neonates, with statistical significanee（x2 =6. 7935,P〈0.01）. The bacteriologic culture was performed for the 80 neonates, totally 252 strains of pathogens have been isolated; the Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staph- ylococcus epidermidis ranked the top three species of pathogens, accounting for 36.90 , 14.29 , and 11.51 //0, respectively, as compared with other species of pathogens, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The respiratory system, eye, and skin ranked the top three infection sites, accounting for 25.00 %, 21.25 , and 18.75, respectively, as compared with other infection sites, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION It is an effective way to strengthen the examination of nonspecific immunity, continuously improve infection control system in neonatal wards and disinfection and isolation system, prevent respiratory tract infections, reasonably use antibiotics, and intensify primary nursing so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections in the neonates and ensure the safety of the neonates.