某厂枪弹制造作业人员恶性肿瘤流行病学研究

An epidemiological study on malignant tumor in employees in a firearms and ammunition plant

目的 从流行病学的角度研究某厂枪弹制造作业人员恶性肿瘤的死亡水平 ,为进一步研究二者之间关系提供线索。方法 应用回顾性队列研究法追访 6 310人 ,观察 916 0 0 0人年。观察期从 1981年 1月 1日至 1995年 12月 31日。结果 该作业全死因粗死亡率 5 90 6 1/ 10万人年 ,恶性肿瘤粗死亡率 2 16 16 / 10万人年 ,居死因第一位。以哈尔滨市 1986～ 1990年男性恶性肿瘤死亡专率为标准 ,暴露组及其中的熔铜、热加工组男性恶性肿瘤死亡超量 ,SMR分别为1 49、 2 17、 2 41,男性RRT分别为 2 41、 2 6 2 (P <0 0 1)。其中热加工组男性肺癌SMR为 3 40 ,RRT为 4 5 9(P <0 0 1) ;熔铜组男性肝癌SMR为 4 48,RRT 为 4 5 0 (P <0 0 1)。结论 该作业男性恶性肿瘤死亡超量 ,尤其是热加工工人肺癌、熔铜作业工人肝癌死亡超量有统计学意义 ,其他工种及其他肿瘤均无明显超量。

Objective Malignant tumor mortality in employees was conducted in a firearms and ammunition plant to study their association.Methods Totally,6 310 employees were followed up in a retrospective cohort,with 91 600 0 person years,from January 1,1981 to December 31,1995.Results Crude mortality of all causes was 590 61 per 100 000 person years in this plant,and malignant tumor specific mortality 216 16 per 100 000,ranking the first place in the causes of death.Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of malignant tumor was 1 49,2 17 and 2 41(P<0 01) for those exposed to firearms and ammunition,copper melting and heating,respectively,for male employees,with malignant tumor specific mortality of males in Harbin during years of 1986 to 1990 as a reference,and relative risk(RR) was 2 41 and 2 62 for those exposed to copper melting and heating(P<0 01),respectively.SMR for lung cancer in male employees exposed to heating was 3 40 with an RR of 4 59(P<0 01),and SMR for liver cancer in males exposed to copper melting was 4 48 with an RR of 4 50(P<0 01).Conclusion Excess mortality of malignant tumor could be seen in employees exposed to firearms and ammunition,especially of lung cancer in those exposed to heating and of liver exposed to copper melting with statistical significance.