皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)、黑足鲍(Haliotis iris)及其杂交F_1代营养成分的比较分析

Comparative studies of the nutritional compositions of Haliotis discus hannai,Haliotis iris and their hybrid F_1generation

利用生物化学方法,对皱纹盘鲍、黑足鲍及其杂交F1腹足部肌肉一般营养成分、氨基酸及脂肪酸组成与含量、矿物质元素及总糖和还原糖含量进行测定分析。结果表明,杂交鲍的粗蛋白含量最高(17.97%),黑足鲍的粗脂(1%)和粗糖(9.29%)含量最高;杂交鲍氨基酸总含量(58.91%)和呈味氨基酸含量(28.77%)最高,黑足鲍的必需氨基酸含量最高(21.33%),皱纹盘鲍氨基酸总含量、呈味氨基酸含量及必需氨基酸含量最低;黑足鲍与杂交鲍脂肪酸种类和不饱和脂肪酸含量高于皱纹盘鲍。实验共测定9种矿物质元素,除了黑足鲍腹足部肌肉Mn、Cu含量明显高于皱纹盘鲍和杂交鲍外,3种鲍其他7种矿物质元素含量差别不大;黑足鲍总糖和还原糖含量最高,皱纹盘鲍最低。以上实验结果表明,通过种间杂交,亲本某些遗传性状缺陷在子代中得以改良,并且获得的杂交F1代部分性状优于双亲,表现出一定的杂交优势。

The nutritional compositions, amino acid and fatty acid compositions and contents, mineral material content, the total sugar and the reducing sugar contents of the foot muscle of H. discus hannai, H. iris and their hybrids were analyzed by using biochemical methods. The results showed that the hybrids contained the rishest protein （17.97%）, H. iris contained the rishest fat（ 1% ） and sugar （9.29%）. The total amino acid content（58.91% ） and the deliocious amino acid content （ 28.77% ） of the hybrids were highest, the essential amino acid content of H. iris was highest （21.33%）, the contents of them in H. discus hannai foot muscle were least. The composition of fatty acids and the content the unsaturated fatty acids of in H. iris and the hybrids body were higher than H. discus hannai. In the nine testing mineral material, except the content of Mn and Cu was highest in the foot muscle of H. iris obviously, while the content of the other seven kinds of element in their foot muscles showed little differences. The total sugar and the reduc- ing sugar contents of H. iris were the highest, and the contents of them in H. discus hannai body were the least. Based on these findings, some inherited defective qualities of the next generation can be improved by interspecific hybridiza- tion, the hybrids have some qualities that are superior to their parents and indicated heterosis.