马克思对近代“自我”观的扬弃与超越

Marx's Sublation and Surpassing of the Western Early Modern Concept of“Self”

"自我"问题在马克思哲学中具有连续性。马克思的思想转向看上去取消了"自我"概念,但并未取消"自我"问题。马克思通过对其早期所继承的近代"自我"的扬弃,揭示了人的实践和社会存在本质,使得"自我"概念从认识论范畴转为存在论范畴,实现了对近代"自我"观念的超越。这种超越主要表现在三个方面:从意识论到实践论的"自我";从个体本位的"自我"到社会存在中的"自我";从天国到人间的精神家园。

The question of the Self is continuous in Marx＇s philosophy. The transition in the de- velopment of Marx＇s thought deconstructed basic orientations in the understanding of the Self stemmed from descartes, however, it did not cancel the question of the Self. Marx revealed the practice and social existence of human being, which provided a new way to understand the Self, and turned the understanding of the Self from the view of epistemology to existentialism. Marx＇s surpassing of the traditional understanding of the Self lies in three aspects： from the conscious and spiritual theory to practical theory, from the individual-oriented view to the social-existence view, to find a spiritual home from heaven to secular and human world.