资本逻辑、技术创新与农业微观经营方式的变迁——家庭农场是最适合农业的经营方式吗?

The Changes of Capital Logic,Technology Innovation and Means of Agricultural Micro-operation——Is Family Farm the Most Appropriate Mean of Agricultural Management

资本一直试图把其逻辑凌驾于农业领域之上,把农业变成其剩余价值的源泉。但是,农业利用其劳动过程与自然的紧密联系抵抗来自资本控制的压力,而资本则利用技术创新的力量逐步侵蚀农业与自然的联系,加强对农业的控制。农业的机械化和标准化创新大大提高了大型公司化农场相对于小型家庭农场的竞争力,降低了监督成本,从而导致了农业经营方式由家庭农场为主向资本控制的公司化农场为主转变。但是,通过农业合作组织这种制度创新,中国小规模家庭农场在摆脱资本控制和剥削的同时,也能享受现代农业技术创新带来的生产率增长效应。

Capital has been managed to override its logic above the agricultural field, turning agricultural activities into a source of acquiring its remaining values. However, agriculture has been able to take advantage of its laboring process and close relation with nature to resist the pressure from capitalist control. In turn, capital makes best use of technology innovation to corrode the relation of agriculture and nature as an effort to strengthen its control on agricultural activities. The mechanization and standardization innovation of agriculture greatly enhanced the competitiveness of large corporate farms as opposed to small family farms, reducing the costs of supervision. This has led the domination position of agricultural activities to transform from family-run farms to capital-controlled corporate farms. Nevertheless, by participating in the institutional innovations such as forming agricultural cooper- ative organizations, Chinese small size family farms will share the increase in the production rate brought by modem agricultural technology innovations.