政治希伯来主义与近代早期共和话语的构建

The Political Hebraism and Construction of Early Modern Republic Discourse

在16—18世纪的欧洲政治思想界,一些基督教学者援引《希伯来圣经》,认为古代希伯来社会就是上帝为以色列人设计的完美共和政体。这股绵延近三个世纪的"政治希伯来主义"思潮发端于意大利,随后向北蔓延,尤其在荷兰与英国达到高潮,甚至一度被纳入政治实践中。就其本质而言,政治希伯来主义是套用希腊罗马的古典政治概念来理解形态迥异的古代希伯来社会,目的是借助所谓的希伯来理想先例为近代早期反抗王权、确立共和的话语构建提供合法依据,希伯来因素从而以这种被异化甚至被歪曲的方式参与到近代欧洲政治文明的创建之中。

In the circle of European political thought in the 16th-18th centuries,some Church' s scholars cited Hebrew Bible and they thought Hebrew Republican society created by God was perfect for Israelites.The trend of thought of Political Hebraism was originated from Italy and then extended towards the north.It had lasted for three centuries and climbed on its peak in Holland and Britain.Essentially,Political Hebraism used the classical political concept of Greek and Rome to explain ancient Hebrew societies in different forms,whose aim was to offer a reasonable proof for discourse construction of modern actions against royal power to establish a republic government by these ideal Hebrew precedents.Therefore,the Hebrew factors had been changed and even twisted in the establishment of modern European political civilization.