美国国内围绕欧洲复兴计划议案的辩论及其影响

Domestic Debate over European Recovery Program Legislation in the US and its Influence

《1948年经济合作法》是美国行政机构、立法部门与利益团体激烈辩论的产物。该法案明确了欧洲复兴的政策理念,保护了美国利益团体的某些特殊利益,设计出建立在合作主义基础上的、由专家管理协调欧洲复兴的组织模式,促成了国家和社会团体在欧洲复兴计划实施中的通力合作。杜鲁门政府借助为欧洲复兴计划辩护的有利时机,运用"自由的危机"话语在国内营造出强烈的反共氛围。这场辩论不仅完成了欧洲复兴计划的政策设计,加强了美国对外援助活动的制度化程度,而且进一步为二战后美国以遏制共产主义和"捍卫自由"为旗号的对外干涉政策奠定了舆论基础。

Economic Cooperation Act of 1948 is the product of a heated debate among US Institutions,the legislative bodies and the interest groups.This act defined the policy of European Recovery Program(ERP).It protected the special benefits of the interest groups in the US.This act developed an organization mode on the basis of cooperation in which experts were responsible for managing and coordinating the recovery in Europe.In it,the country and the civil societies could work together.The Truman administration took advantage of this favorable opportunity brought by the argument in EPR to provoke a strong atmosphere against the Communism.This argument not only accomplished the policy design for ERP,but also enhanced the level of institutionalization of the foreign aid in the US.By doing so,it laid a basis of public opinion for the US to curb communism and to interfere the outside world under the banner of freedom.