甘蔗叶鞘剥离过程弹性齿运动分析与试验

Kinematic Analysis and Experiments of Elastic Dentations in Process of Sugarcane Leaf Sheath Stripping

通过对弹性齿运动状态的分析阐述了弹性齿在叶鞘撕裂和剥离过程中的作用机理，采用ADAMS软件对弹性齿与甘蔗茎秆的接触过程进行仿真分析，确定剥叶滚筒中心距及弹性齿与甘蔗茎秆之间的相对速度变化对叶鞘撕裂和剥离产生的影响。利用物理样机进行剥叶滚筒中心距单因素试验和剥叶滚筒转速单因素试验对运动分析结果进行验证，并通过高速摄影对仿真的结果进行验证。结果表明，剥叶滚筒中心距为310mm，弹性齿与甘蔗茎秆接触时刻，Y轴方向的线速度差为3．91～5．87m／s时，弹性齿可沿茎秆表面向下滑动，有利于叶鞘沿着纤维方向撕裂，z轴方向的线速度差为4．61～7．54m／s时，弹性齿在甘蔗轴线方向可以持续滑动，有利于对叶鞘造成刮擦脱离，综合剥叶效果为含杂率低于7％、茎秆折断率低于15％。弹性齿与茎秆分离时刻，由于弹性恢复产生线速度突变，相对速度差增大4～5倍，有利于将叶鞘从茎秆上撕扯脱落。

The action mechanism of elastic dentations was analyzed using elastic dentations-roller-type sugarcane leaf sheath-stripping device. The tearing and stripping of leaf sheath were studied by further kinematic analysis of elastic dentations. The virtual prototyping experiment was carried out using ADAMS software to analyze the contacting situation between elastic dentations and sugarcane stalk. The impact of velocity changes of elastic dentations and center distance between two leaf-stripping rollers on leaf sheath- stripping was obtained. The results of kinematic and simulation analysis were verified by high-speed photography test and physical prototype leaf-stripping experiments, which contained the single factor experiments of center distance between two rollers, and rotate speed of leaf-stripping rollers. The results showed that when the center distance between two rollers was 310 mm, in the process of elastic dentations contacting sugarcane stalk, the elastic dentations slided down along the surface of sugarcane under the action of linear velocity difference in y direction Avy = 3.91 - 5.87 m/s, which was conducive to make leaf sheath tear along the direction of fiber. Meanwhile, the elastic dentations slided along the axis of stalk similarly because of linear velocity difference in x direction Avx = 4.61 - 7.54 m/s, which could make it scrape from the stalk. The result of the comprehensive leaf-stripping experiment proved that the impurity rate was less than 7% and the stalk broken rate was less than 15%. When the elastic dentations separated from the stalk, the linear velocity difference exerted on leaf sheath by elastic dentations increased as four to five times, which could help leaf sheath strip.