重视造血干细胞移植后的病毒感染

Emphasis on viral infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

病毒感染是造血干细胞移植(HSCT)后的常见的并发症。近年来,传统的病毒诊断方法如病毒培养和抗原检测逐渐被聚合酶链反应(PCR)等分子生物学方法所替代。目前移植后病毒感染的诊断主要基于PCR检测抗原核酸。病毒感染可能导致HSCT患者一系列的疾病包括发热、终末器官疾病和恶性肿瘤。疱疹病毒等潜伏病毒的再激活在HSCT后免疫抑制期常见,而呼吸道和肠道病毒等大多为社区获得性病毒。包括抢先治疗在内的预防成功降低了部分病毒感染和疾病的发生率。早期诊断和及时治疗能够改善病毒性疾病的预后。

Viral infections are common complicalions after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT）. Recently,poly- merase chain reaction （PCR）-based molecular diagnostic methods are rapidly replacing or supplementing the traditional vi- ral diagnostic methods such as viral culture and antigen detection. Nowadays, diagnosis of viral infections relies on polymer- ase chain reaction （PCR）-based methods. Viral infections after allogeneic HSCT result in a spectrum of diseases including fever,end-organ diseases to malignancies. Reactivation of latent viruses, e. g. herpesviruses,is common in the immunosup- pressive recipients. Some viruses such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses are mainly acquired from community. Prophylaxis including preemptive therapy has successfully reduced incidences of some viral diseases. Early diagnosis and timely treatment may significantly improve outcome of viral infections.