2012年梧州市手足口病流行特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of HFMD in Wuzhou City in 2012

目的了解梧州市手足口病流行病学特征，为手足VI病防制工作提供科学依据。方法利用国家疾病监测信息系统监测的2012年梧州市手足口病相关资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果2012年该市共报告手足口病5789例，发病率为199．8／10万。全年发病呈现2个高峰，分别在5和11月。全市3个区、农村均有病例报告，城区和农村之间发病率差异有统计学意义。男性发病率高于女性。以0～5岁儿童病例为主，年龄发病率差异有统计学意义。职业分布以散居儿童和幼托儿童为主。对751例病例采样检测，阳性557例，阳性率为74．17％；其中EV71型276例，CoxA16型67例，其他肠道病毒214例，构成比分别为49．55％、12．03％、38．42％；一般（轻症）病例肠道病毒检出阳性率（71．15％）与重症和死亡病例肠道病毒检出阳性率（82．90％）的差异有统计学意义（x。=10．342，P〈0．01），一般（轻症）病例中EV71病毒检出阳性率为28．14％（157／558）与重症和死亡病例Ev71病毒检出阳性率61．66％（119／193）的差异有统计学意义（X2=69．342，P〈0．01）。结论梧州市手足口病发病存在明显的季节、地区和年龄差异。手足口病防控应以散居儿童和幼托儿童为重点人群，；病原体主要为EⅥ1型肠道病毒，易导致重症病例甚至死亡病例，开展手足口病流行病学和病原学研究，将有助于提出更好的预防控制措施。

[ Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of band-foot-mouth Disease （HFMD） of Wuzhou City, and provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of HFMD. [ Methods] The data of HFMD of Wuzhou City in 2012 from the disease surveillance information reporting system was analyzed with descriptive epidemiology. [ Results ] A total of 5 789 cases of HFMD were reported in Wuzhou City in 2012 ,with the incidence rate of 199.8/100 000. Two incidence peaks of HFMD were found in May and November. The cases were reported in all 3 districts and counties,the incidence rates of the urban district,suburban dis- trict and county were significantly different. The male incidence rate was higher than female incidence. Most cases were the chil- dren aged 0-5 years. There were significant differences of the incidence rate between age groups. Most cases were children in scat- tered home and preschool Among the 751 cases whose throat swab were collected, positive rate of HFMD virus was 74. 2% {557/751） , 276 cases were EV71, 67 cases were CoxA16 and 214 cases were other human enterovirus. The positive rates of EV71, CoxA16 and EV were 49.6%, 12.2% and 38.4%. The EV positive rate of mild cases （71.15% } was significantly different from that [82.90% } of severe cases and dead cases { ~2 = 10. 342 ,P 〈 0.01）. And there was statistic difference between the EV 71 positive rate of mild cases [28.14%, 157/558} with that {61.66%, 119/193} of severe cases and dead cases （X2 = 69. 342, P 〈 O. 01）. [ Conclusion] The incidence of HFMD has significant seasonal, regional, sex-specific and age-specific differences in Wuzhou City. The key population for the prevention and control of HFMD is the children in scattered home and preschool,The main pathogen wasEV71 which can more easily cause severe HFMD and death. The epidemiological and etiological studies will facilitate the development of prevention and control measures.