2012年西双版纳州麻疹流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of measles in Xishuangbanna Prefecture in 2012

目的分析麻疹消除目标年西双版纳州麻疹流行病学特征,探讨麻疹防控策略,为实现消除麻疹目标提供依据。方法对2012年麻疹疫情监测数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2012年该州共报告麻疹病例130例,其中该地病例124例,境外输入病例6例(缅甸5例、老挝1例)。报告发病率为10.88/10万,发病率较前3年有明显的上升;麻疹病例的年龄分布呈"双向移位"现象,≤1岁儿童和≥20岁成人病例数占总病例数67.74%;10和11月为发病高峰,占64.52%;发病数最多地区为勐腊县,占58.87%;职业分布以散居儿童为主,占50.81%;无免疫史和免疫史不详者占88.60%。结论西双版纳州麻疹发病率上升明显,存在免疫空白人群和境外输入病例,应进一步加强麻疹疫苗的初始免疫和强化免疫工作,提高接种率,消除免疫空白人群和做好境外输入病例的预防控制工作。

[ Objective ] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xishuangbanna Prefecture in measles elimination target year, to discuss the measles control strategy, and provide evidence for realization of the goal of eliminating measles. [ Methods] The method of descriptive epidemiology was adopted to analyze the measles surveillance data in 2012. [ Results] A total of 130 cases of measles were reported in Xishuangbanna Prefecture in 2012, including 124 local cases and 6 imported cases （ 5 ca- ses of Burma, 1 case of Laos ）. The reported incidence rate was 10.88/100 000, the incidence was significantly increased, com- pared with 3 years ago; age distribution of measles cases showed ＂bidirectional shift＂ phenomenon, children ~〈1 years old and 320 adult cases accounted for 67.74% of total cases, the peak incidence （ 64.52% ） was found in October-November. Regional distribution showed Mengla County had the largest incidence which accounted for 58.87%. Scattered children accounted for 50.81% of total cases. Patients with no or uncertain immunization history accounted for 88.60%. [ Conclusion] The incidence of measles increases significantly in Xishuangbanna Prefecture, with population immunity gaps and imported cases. It is necessary to strengthen the initial immunization and supplementary immunization, to improve the coverage rate, to eliminate the immunity gaps and control the imported cases.