云南省建水县农村环境卫生现状调查结果

Analysis on investigation results of environmental sanitation in rural areas of Jianshui County of Yunnan

目的了解云南省建水县农村户厕和粪便处理,垃圾、污水治理情况,为制定农村爱国卫生相关规划和策略措施提供科学依据。方法根据随机的原则,选取5个乡镇20个村,每村5户为调查点,采用统一调查表入户调查。结果建水县农民以初中文化为主,主要经济来源为种植业,村内道路以部分硬化为主,集中式供水覆盖率为66.1%;卫生厕所普及率为69.5%,厕室大多有臭味和蝇蛆,粪便以直接施肥为主。垃圾主要是生活垃圾,随意堆放占60.0%,所有堆放点都有臭味和苍蝇,主要采用焚烧和填埋方式处理。生活污水明沟排放为主。79.0%的人家房屋周围有病媒生物孳生地,大多数家庭有鼠迹、蟑螂和苍蝇。土壤监测蛔虫卵阳性率15.0%。结论建水县农村垃圾、污水、粪便无害化处理率低,环境卫生状况亟需进一步改善。

[ Objective ] To understand the status of toilet sanitary, fecal treatment, waste treatment and excreta disposal in rural areas of Jianshui County of Yunnan, provide a scientific basis for developing the patriotic hygiene planning and policy measures in rural areas. [ Methods ] According to the principle of random, 20 villages were collected from 5 towns, and 5 families were selected in each village. The household survey was conducted with unified questionnaire. [ Results] Most of farmers in Jianshui County had the education level of junior high school, and the main economic source was crop farming. The roads in the villages were dominated by part hardening, and the coverage rate of centralized water supply was 66.1%. The coverage rate of sanitary toilet was 69.5%. Most of toilet rooms were smelly, and had flies or maggots. The feces were mainly adopted for fertilization directly. A majority of garbage was domestic garbage, 60.0% were random stacking, and all dumps were smelly and had flies. The garbage was mainly treated by burning and burying. The domestic sewage was chiefly discharged by ditch drainage. The vector breeding sites were observed around 79.0% of houses, and most families had the rat trace, cockroaches and flies. The soil monitoring showed that the positive rate of ascaris egg was 15.0%. [ Conclusion] The disposal rates of garbage, sewage and waste are low in rural areas of Jianshui County, and it is urgent to improve the environmental sanitation in rural region.