自发性脑出血患者医院获得性肺炎的临床特点

Clinical characteristics of hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

目的探讨脑出血患者医院获得性肺炎的临床特点及危险因素。方法 2009年9月至2012年9月共收治1 184例自发性脑出血(ICH)患者,对其发生医院获得性肺炎的相关资料进行回顾性统计分析。结果 ICH患者医院获得性肺炎的发生率为13.0%,检出的病原菌依次为革兰阴性杆菌(63.4%)、革兰阳性球菌(26.7%)、真菌(9.9%);其危险因素与患者年龄、基础疾病、住院时间、意识状态、气管插管或切开、出血量、球麻痹、营养状况等有关。结论 ICH患者易发生医院获得性肺炎,应针对上述危险因素,采取综合措施,降低发生率。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and the risk factors of hospital-acquired pneumonia（HAP） in the patients with intracerebral hemorrhage（ICH） .Methods The clinical data of 1 184 cases of ICH complicating HAP from Sep .2009 to Sep .2012 were analyzed retrospectively and statistically .Results The incidence rate of HAP was 13 .0% in these ICH patients , the detected pathogens were in turn Gram-negative bacilli（63 .4% ） ,Gram-positive cocci（26 .7% ） and fungi（9 .9% ）;the risk factors of HAP in ICH patients were related with the age of patients ,underlying disease ,length of hospital stay ,conscious state ,tracheoto-my ,amount of cerebral hemorrhage ,bulbar palsy and nutritional status .Conclusion The patients with ICH are easy to develop HAP .Aiming at the above risk factors ,the comprehensive measures should be adopted to reduce the incidence rate of HAP in ICH patients .