不同氮磷钾配比施肥对新疆红富士苹果糖分积累相关酶活性的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Ratio of N,P and K on Related Enzyme Activities of Sugar Accumulation in Xinjiang Red Fuji Apple

为了研究不同营养配比对新疆红富士苹果果实糖分积累相关酶活性的影响,以新疆霍城县的6a生红富士苹果树为研究对象,采用氮、磷、钾三因素的二次回归正交施肥试验设计,在苹果生育期内进行了田间施肥试验,对苹果的淀粉酶活性、蔗糖合成酶活性、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性进行了测定,分析了不同施肥处理与果实糖分积累相关酶活性的关系。结果表明,果实发育过程中淀粉酶活性总体呈下降的趋势,其中在幼果期为最大值8.38mg/g,在着色期达到最小值为0.04mg/g;蔗糖合成酶活性总体呈急剧上升趋势,其中在幼果期未检出,而在成熟期达到了最大值为61.78mg/(g·L);蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性总体呈缓慢上升趋势,但上升幅度不大,其中在幼果期与蔗糖合成酶一样未检出,而在成熟期达到了最大值为3.66mg/(g·L)。通过回归分析得以成熟红富士苹果蔗糖合成酶活性值为经济目标时各个因素的最佳组合为:蔗糖合成酶活性为184.445mg/(g·L),施氮量1.3090kg/株。各因素对蔗糖合成酶活性影响的顺序:钾>磷>氮。氮与磷、氮与钾均呈负交互作用,磷与钾呈正交互作用。

The experiment was ca rried out to st udy the effects of different fertilization ratio of N ,P and K on related enzyme activities of sugar accumulation in Huocheng county .Xinjiang by using twice regression orthogonal design for fertilization test, the field fertilization experiment had been done in apple growth periodvatnylase activities, saccharose synz yrn e activities, saccharose phosphoic acid synz ym e activities were det erm ened , and the relations bet ween different fertilization t rea t merits and related synz yrn e activities of fruit sugar accumulation were analyzed. The results showed that activity of amylase in the process of fruit development overall were downward trend. In young fruit period, the maltose maximum was 8.38 mg/g, and in the color phase, the maltose minimum was 0.04 mg/ g. The activity of sucrose synthase showed a trend of sharp rise in general, it was not checked out in young fruit period; during the ripening period, it rea ched the rna xi m urn value of 61. 78 mg/ （ g · L）; and in coloring period it was the turning point of the sharp increase. The acti vi ty of sucrose phosphate synthase was slowly rising trend overall, and the increase was not big, in young fruit period like sucrose synthetase was not checked out, during the ripening, it reached the maximum value of 3 . 6 6 rng / （g · L）. Through model analysis, the economic goals of sucrose activities synthase activity of the matured Red Fuji apple, the best combination of various factors are as follows： Sucrose synthase was 184.445 mg/（g · L） ,and N application rate of 1.3090 kg/plant.The order of various factors affecting sucrose Synzym e activities are as follows：K〉P〉N,N and P,N and K were negative int eraction , P and K were positi vely int eraction.