密西西比河流域治理的措施及启示

Treatments and Inspiration of Mississippi Basin

密西西比河流域的自然灾害极为严重 ,美国对之的治理成效也举世瞩目。研究密西西比河治理开发工作的成功经验无疑对我国流域治理工作有很好的借鉴意义。其治理的工程措施主要是在上游清除暗礁、堵塞支汊、修建梯级闸坝 ,中游修建防洪堤、丁坝群、护岸以及疏浚 ,干流下游建防洪堤、分洪区 (道 )、裁弯取直以及稳定河床 ,河口治理拦门沙、修建导流堤 ,各支流则以综合利用水库为主 ;非工程措施的成功运用主要体现在管理、立法保障、防洪保险及对科研的重视等几个方面。在对密西西比河流域治理措施和经验的认识基础上 ,得出了对于我国流域治理工作有指导作用的几点启示。

There are severe natural disasters in the Mississippi basin, and the harness achievements by the U.S.A. government are also the focus of world attention. Study of the successful experience of the Mississippi River harness and development will be no doubt of much benefit to the river management in China. The principal engineering treatments in the river are clearance of submerged reef, blockage of branches and construction of terraced gates and dams in the upper reaches, construction of flood prevention dykes, Tshape dams, protection of bank and dredging the channel in the middle reaches, construction of flood prevention dykes, water diversion region and channel, curve improvement and stabilization of river bed in the lower reaches, harness of sedimentation and construction of flow guide dykes at the river mouth. The major measure in branches are mainly multipurpose reservoirs. The successful nonstructure treatments for the Mississippi River management are reflected in aspects of management, guarantee by law enforcement, flood prevention assurance, and emphasis on scientific research. Some inspirations that should be abstracted in river management in current and coming days in China have been drew out from the recognition of treatments and experience of the Mississippi River harness and administration.