筛选差异表达基因和蛋白质的方法进展

The Progress of the Methods for Screening Differentially Expressed Genes and Proteins

分离和鉴定差异表达基因和蛋白质不仅有助于发现基因和蛋白质的功能 ,更有助于揭示某些疾病的发生机理 .目前筛选差异表达基因的方法主要有差异显示PCR方法 (differentialdisplayRT PCR ,DDRT PCR)、消减杂交法 (subtractivehybridization ,SH )、基因芯片技术 (DNAchiptechnique)和基因表达的系统分析 (serialanalysisofgeneexpression ,SAGE)等 ,其中消减杂交法中又先后建立了代表性差异分析技术 (representationaldifferenceanalysis ,RDA)、抑制消减杂交法 (suppressionsubtractivehybridization ,SSH)和获得全长基因的消减杂交法 (full length gene obtainablesubtractivehybridization) .筛选差异表达蛋白质的方法主要有双向电泳技术(two dimentionalgelelectrophoresis)和噬菌体全套抗体库技术 (phagedisplayantibodyrepertoirelibrarytechnique) .这些方法各有特点 ,各有利弊 ,研究者可根据自己的需要选择适合于自己的方法 .

Cloning and identification of differentially expressed genes or proteins is helpful not only for finding the functions of genes and proteins, but also for discovery of the mechanism of some diseases. Some methods have been developed for screening differentially expressed genes, such as differential display RT-PCR (DDRT-PCR), subtractive hybridization (SH), DNA chip technique, and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). In subtractive hybridization, there have advanced three improved methods which include representational difference analysis (RDA), suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), and full-length-gene-obtainable subtractive hybridization. For obtaining differentially expressed proteins, scientists have only two choices so far. One is two-dimentional gel electrophoresis. The other is phage display antibody repertoire library technique. Since all of the methods above have their own advantages and disadvantages, they should be used according to different needs.