盐碱池塘水生大型植物的研究

STUDIES OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN SALINE-ALKALINE PONDS

于 1 998年 4月至 1 998年 9月对高青盐碱池塘的水生大型植物种类组成、生产力及其影响因子进行了野外调查和试验研究。结果表明高青盐碱池塘共有水生植物 1 2种。常见的优势种有沉水植物 :菹草、角果藻、金鱼藻 ;挺水植物 :芦苇、荆三棱、莲和香蒲 ;漂浮植物 :浮萍 ,以及大型藻类布氏轮藻。种类少而优势种突出是盐碱池塘大型植物的显著特点。有水草池塘与无或少水草池塘相比 ,透明度大、pH值高、浮游植物生物量和叶绿素a含量低、营养盐含量也低。在表层光照度 72 0 0lx、水温 2 8～ 30℃的条件下 ,菹草、角果藻和轮藻的毛产量分别为 1 .70、1 .56和 1 .50mgO2 ·L- 1 ·h- 1 ·g- 1 。除光照、水温、pH等因素外 ,含盐量和碱度对大型植物的初级生产力具有重要影响 ,菹草和角果藻的生产力最高时的含盐量均为 3g·L- 1 ,前者适宜的碱度为 6.69mmol·L- 1 ,而后者则为 3.82mmol·L- 1 。菹草、角果藻、金鱼藻和浮萍对NH4-N的吸收速率相近 ,而对PO4-P的吸收速率则角果藻 >菹草 >浮萍 >金鱼藻。文后对盐水水体大型植物特点、菹草生产力及其影响因素、如何防止养鱼池大型植物危害及大型植物与浮游植物的关系进行了讨论。

s The species composition, productivity and its influence factors of aquatic macrophytes were estimated in saline-alkaline ponds in Zhaodian Fish Farm, Gaoqing County, Shandong Province, during from April to September in 1998.The results indicated that 12 species of the large aquatic plants were collected in this localities, common species were Potamogeton crispus , Zannichellia palustris, Nelumbo nucifera, Ceratophyllum demersum [Emergent vascular plants]; Phragmites communis, Scirpus yagara and Typha orientalis [Submerged vascular plants]; Lemna minor [Floating vascula plants] and Chara braunii [Macrophytic algae]. Simple of species composition and prominent of dominant species are marked characteristics of aquatic macrophytes in saline-alkaline ponds. The transparency and pH values of ponds with grass were higher than that of ponds without grass, and biomass and Chla of phytoplankton and nutrients lever in the former ponds lower than that of the latter. The grass primary production of P. crispus , Z. palustris and C. braunii were 1.70、1.56 and 1.50 mgO 2 L -1 h -1 g -1 , under the condition of light intensity 7,200 lx and water temperature 28～30℃. Apart from light, temperature and pH, the primary productivity of aquatic macrophytes were influenced by salinity and alkalinity. The salinity that the primary production of P. crispus and Z. palustris were highest are 3 g l -1 , the suitable alkalinity of the former was 6.69 mmol L -1 , and that of the latter was 3.82 mmol L -1 . The absorption rates to NH 4-N of P. crispus, Z. palustris, C. demersum and L. minor were similar, and that of to PO 4-P are as follow: Z. palustris > P. crispus > L. minor > C. demersum. The features of Macrophytes in saline water bodies, production of P. crispus and its influence factors and how to avoid the harmful of aquatic macrophytes in fish ponds and the relationship between macrophytes and phytoplankton were discussed.