现象学如何看语言与意识主体的关系

Relationship Between Subjects and Language:A Phenomenological Perspective

主体和语言的关系是西方哲学长期探讨的重要主题。文章分析了语言在胡塞尔、海德格尔、梅洛-庞蒂和德里达的现象学哲学中的不同地位和作用,揭示了其中作为支配语言行为的意识主体逐渐消解以及语言作为本体逐渐取代意识主体的特征,说明了现象学运动中语言的本体论地位不断提高的特征体现了现代哲学力图克服形而上学二元论的努力。

The relatio nship between subjects and languages has long been the focus of western philosophy. This paper makes an analysis of the status and functions of languages in the theories of Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and Derrida. It discloses the characteristics that conscious subjects dissolve in languages and the characteristics that languages as the noumenon replace conscious subjects in phenomenology. It explains that the dissolving of subjects and the rising of the status of languages reflect the efforts of modern philosophy trying to overcome dualism in metaphysics.