窝产活仔数和初生重与仔猪早期断奶重及成活率的相关性研究

Correlation Study on Live Litter Size and Newborn Piglet Weight to Individual Weight and Survival Rate of Early-weaned Piglets

为研究猪窝产活仔数与初生仔猪个体重对21日龄早期断奶仔猪个体重及成活率的相关性，特选择一大型规模猪场2～6胎母猪在1个月内所产的118窝计1350头仔猪作为试验对象，要求所有初生仔猪均由亲本母猪带仔哺乳，且按窝产活仔数不同（6～17头）分组测定仔猪初生个体重和21日龄早期断奶仔猪窝个体均重，并观察断奶成活率，同时对其相关性状作方差及回归分析。结果表明，不同组间初生仔猪窝个体均重和21日龄早期断奶仔猪窝个体均重及断奶成活率差异显著（P〈0．05）；窝产活仔数对初生仔猪窝个体均重和21日龄早期断奶仔猪窝个体均重及断奶成活率呈极显著的负相关（R=-0．802、-0．851、-0．698，P〈0．01）；初生仔猪窝个体均重对21日龄早期断奶仔猪窝个体均重及断奶成活率呈极显著的正相关（R=0．837、0．741，P〈0．01）。试验结果表明，窝产活仔数越多，初生仔猪个体就越小，早期断奶也越轻，成活率也低；初生仔猪个体越大，早期断奶就越重，成活率也越高。只要通过科学合理的方法，适当控制猪窝产活仔数并提高初生仔猪个体重，能有效提高早期断奶仔猪的生长速度，并可获得更好的经济效益。

In order to study the correlation of the live litter size and individual average weight of newborn piglets to individual average weight and survival rate of weaned piglets at 21days, 1350 piglets in ll8 litters produced by 2-6 fetal sows within 1 month in a large scale pig farm were chosen as the objects. All the newborn piglets were suckled by female parent. According to the individual average weight of piglets （6- 17 piglets）, these piglets were grouped to determine the individual weight of newborn piglets and the individual average weight as well as the survival rate of piglets weaned at 21 days, and the correlation variance and regression analysis were conducted. The results show that the different groups of individual average weight of newborn piglet, weaned piglets individual average weight and survival rate was significantly different （P〈0. 01）, the relative weight gain in first week and third week was significantly higher than that of the second week （P〈0. 01）; the live litter size on individual average weight of newborn piglets and individual average weight and survival rate of piglets weaned at 21 days was significantly negatively correlated （R= -0.802, -0.851, -0.698 ,P〈0. 01）; the individual average weight of newborn piglets on individual average weight and survival rate of piglets weaned at 21 days was significantly positively correlated （R=0. 837, 0.741 ;P〈0. 01）. The study shows that the larger the litter size, the smaller the individual is, the early weaning weight is also lighter and the survival rate is low, too; the larger the newborn piglet, the heavier early weaning weight is, and the survival rate is higher. Therefore, through the scientific and reasonable method to properly control the litter size and improve the newborn piglet＇s individual weight, the growth performance of early weaned piglets can be effectively improved so as to obtain better economic benefits.