福建省东山湾生态环境中多氯联苯的残留特征

Residual characteristics of PCBs in ecological environment of Dongshan Bay in Fujian Province

对福建省东山湾海域的水质、沉积物和养殖贝类中的多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)残留进行气相色谱法检测,并对其在水域环境及贝类中的残留水平、生态风险及食用安全进行了探讨。结果表明:1)海水中PCBs质量浓度底层高于表层;夏季(8月)高于春季(5月)。总体上,东山湾海水中PCBs质量浓度的平面分布从湾内到湾外呈递减趋势。底层海水中PCBs与悬浮物质量浓度之间具有极显著的相关性。2)表层沉积物中PCBs残留的平面分布呈近岸高、湾中部和湾外低的格局;PCBs与总有机碳(TOC)质量分数之间呈极显著正相关。PCBs残留量产生的生物有害效应的风险低。3)养殖贝类体中PCBs的残留量种间差异明显,对PCBs富集能力的大小,僧帽牡蛎(Saccostrea cucullata)、缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)和波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulate)最高,泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)和华贵栉孔扇贝(Chlamys nobilis)次之,菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)和杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)最低。养殖贝类致癌风险指数在可接受风险范围内,贝类体中的PCBs残留水平居福建省沿海养殖贝类中等水平。

We analyzed the residues of polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in the seawater, sediments and cultured shellfish of Dong shan Bay by gas chromatography to evaluate the risks of the residues to human health and edible safety. The results show that the PCBs contents at the bottom were higher than those at the surface of seawater, and those in summer （August） were higher than those in spring （May）. Overall, the PCBs contents declined from mid-bay to out-bay with there is highly significant correlation between suspended matter contents and PCBs contents at the bottom of seawater. Moreover, PCBs contents at the surface of sediments were high in near shore but low in mid-bay and out-bay with ihighly significant correlation between TOC contents and PCBs contents. The deleterious effects biology from the residues of PCBs were not obvious. In addition, there were clear differences of PCBs residues among cultured shellfish species. As for the capacity of PCBs enrichment, Saccostrea cucullata, Sinonovacula constricta and Paphia undulate were the best, then were Tegillarca granosa and Chlamys nobilis, and then Ruditapes philippinarum and Haliotis diversicolor. In conclusion, the cancerogenic risk index of cultured shellfish is acceptable. The level of PCBs residues in cultured shellfish in Dongshan Bay is medium among cultured shellfish in coastal Fujian Province.