开放教育资源的内容可共享性相关标准研究

The Study of Content Standards for Open Educational Resources

开放教育资源的核心是内容,实现内容的高度共享是"开放"理念的精髓,而依据标准开展内容资源建设是实现开放性的主要途径。现有关于资源内容的标准主要包括内容的信息模型标准、元数据标准、分类标准以及内容包装标准等。本文针对开放教育资源的可重用性、可自由获取性、开放共享性以及可互操作性等特点,比较和分析现有内容标准的适用性,并针对高度可共享的目标:提出一种扩展的内容模型,对资源粒度进行明确划分,提出六种具体的资源形态,以适应不同粒度的内容组织和共享;在元数据中,增强对不同粒度内容的描述;对元数据模式进行扩展,增加对开放访问许可的描述,弥补了现有标准在权限许可描述中的不足;比较和分析了目前开放教育资源项目中采用的分类方法以及元数据标准中推荐的分类方法,针对元数据中如何描述扩展的资源分类提出建议;最后对两类主要的内容包装相关标准进行了比较,并给出它们对不同形态的粒度资源的处理方法。

The kernel of Open Educational Resources （ OER ） is its content, and the high exetent of content sharing is the essence of the ＂open＂ idea. It is a main approach to meet the openness requirement to construct the resources ac-cording to some content standards. According to the characteristics of OER, such as reusability, accessibility, open-ness and interoperability , this paper analyses the content standards related to OER , including the content model, con- tent package, metadata and content classification. extension information model with six concrete content forms is proposed to support multi-granularity of content. Metadata schema is extended to describe the content granularity and the open licensing which makes up for the deficiency of the description of resource rights. Suggestions for the applica-tion of content classification and package standards are given to help describing the classification in metadata and pro-cessing resources with different granularity.