中国集装箱港口企业技术效率影响要素研究

Research on Influential Factors of Technical Efficiency in Chinese Container Ports Enterprises

采用柯布-道格拉斯随机前沿生产函数模型,测度国内主要集装箱港口企业技术效率变化,研究集装箱港口设备、泊位、人力等主要投入要素的产出弹性以及港口所有权结构、经营规模、人才比例及港口所在地外贸发展等外生性因素对集装箱港口相对技术效率的影响。研究结果表明:设备投入对港口效率的提升作用明显高于泊位、人力等其他投入要素;港口企业股权结构、经营规模、外贸依存度等外生性因素对港口技术效率具有正向影响。其中国有性质的集装箱港口企业平均技术效率明显低于合资和外资集装箱港口,而港口企业高素质人才没有表现出对技术效率的推动作用。

Cobb -Douglas stochastic frontier analysis model is adopted in this paper to measure the technical efficiency changes of major container ports in China and explore the effect of input factors mainly including port fa- cilities, berth, manpower, ete, and exogenous factors such as ownership structure, operating scale, talent propor- tion and local foreign trade development, ete, on relative technical efficiency of container port. The results show that： Equipment investment has a greater positive influence on technical efficiency than berth, manpower and other input factors; ownership structure, operating scale, foreign trade dependence and other exogenous factors have pos- itive influence on technical efficiency, for instance, the average technical efficiency of state-owned container termi- nals is significantly less than those of joint-venture or foreign-invested enterprises; and high-quality talents haven＇ t played an active role in promoting technical efficiency.