微飞行器扇动扑翼的三维面形及形变测量

Three-Dimensional Shape and Deformation Measurement of Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle

扑翼微飞行器（FMAV）是一种模仿鸟类和昆虫飞行设计的飞行器，在军用追踪侦查和民用检测勘察上有很大应用价值。研究其翅翼的运动机制和动态形变，有助于提升它的空气动力学性能。采用结构光投影和条纹分析方法，投影正弦光栅到快速扇动的翅翼表面，使用高速相机采集变形条纹并对其进行傅里叶分析，重建了翼展为12 cm的扑翼微飞行器在不同扇动频率（14.60、17.54、20.62 Hz）的双翅运动过程，分析了翼面的形变；并着重分析和准确还原了翅翼上扑和下扑交替时产生强大升力的翼面剧烈翻转过程；提供了扑翼的扑动范围、旋转角及俯仰角等运动参数。为扑翼微飞行器的动力学研究、性能提升和优化设计提供了准确可靠的原始数据。

Flapping-wing micro air vehicle （FMAV） is a kind of air vehicle that mimics the flying mode of birds and insects. It has been widely used for civilian and military purposes such as reconnaissance and geologic exploration. A further research of the flapping mechanism and dynamic deformation of a flapping wing will be useful for the improvement of its aerodynamic performance. The full-field dynamic deformation of a flapping-wing is measured based on structured light projection and fringe analysis. A sinusoidal fringe pattern is projected on the surface of the fast flapping-wing. Using Fourier analysis, the motion and three-dimensional （3D） shape of the tested flapping-wing can be reconstructed from the deformed fringe patterns recorded by a high speed camera. A dynamic 3D shape measurement is carried on a FMAV with 12 cm span membrane wing at different frequencies （14.60, 17.54, 20.62 Hz）. The whole flapping period is successfully reconstructed, and its stroke, flapping angle and rotation angle are also recovered. More importantly, the wings′ quick reversal process at the end of downstroke is clearly reproduced. This work will provide accurate and reliable original data for the aerodynamic research, performance improvement and design optimization of a FMAV.