改进项目消防设计管理 提高消防设计水平

Improve fire fighting design and elevate fire fighting design level

目前,国内工程建设项目中的消防安全设计是以法规和技术标准为基础开展的。在项目的消防安全设计管理工作中,受当前的专业分工的限制,没有设置项目安全专业,项目的消防安全设计工作被分散到了各工程专业来完成,项目的消防安全设计没有按照项目风险可接受标准的要求,在开展项目火灾风险分析与研究工作的基础上,编制项目安全消防设计规定,针对项目潜在的火灾安全风险,评审项目安全设计方案,注重消防设计实用效果,经济合理地提出方案和措施。在项目消防设计管理方面,缺少内部项目消防设计审查环节,不能对项目中开展的消防安全设计的基础和设计效果作出评价。结合国内项目消防安全设计管理的现状,对改进国内现行的项目消防设计管理工作提出了几点建议,以期提高项目消防安全设计水平:①项目设立专组,负责项目消防安全总体设计;②修订部分工程建设管理程序,落实量化风险分析过程,弱化部分技术标准的法规效用;③项目内部设计过程管理制度中,建立火灾爆炸安全设计的审查制度。

The fire fighting and safety designs in project engineering are based on the statutory regula- tions, technical standards and specifications in China. Due to the limit by the work splits of different disci- plines, the engineering work of fire fighting is split and assigned to the engineering disciplines without a pro- ject-oriented fire fighting design team to initiate fire hazard identification and analysis, prepare design specifi- cations, evaluate the project fire fighting design based on the project risk acceptance criteria, review the appli- cability of fire fighting design and recommend appropriate economic design. In project engineering design man- agement, there is no internal review of project fire fighting and safety design, and therefore the project fire fighting design basis and design results can not be evaluated. Based upon the existing conditions of project fire fighting design and safety engineering management in China, the following recommendations are proposed for the improvement： 1. a project safety engineering team or safety discipline should be organized to be responsi- ble for the overall project fire fighting and safety design; 2. Some of project engineering and construction standards should be revised to emphasize the process of quantitative hazard and risk identification and analysis and regulation effect of some technical standards should be weakened. 3. A project fire and explosion safety review should be specified in the project review schedule to evaluate the fire fighting design performance.