裂谷热流行现状和检测研究进展

Advance in epidemic status and detection of Rift Valley fever

裂谷热是由裂谷热病毒引起的一种急性、烈性人畜共患疾病,主要影响绵羊、山羊和牛等牲畜,可以引起病畜死亡和流产,发病率与死亡率较高;同时也能传染人类,裂谷热传播途径主要通过人直接或间接接触被感染动物的血液或器官导致感染,人被携带病毒的蚊子叮咬也会受感染。裂谷热疫情主要在非洲地区流行,近年来已延伸至阿拉伯半岛,但目前为止,我国未见裂谷热疫情发生。为此笔者综合国内外文献,就裂谷热的流行特点、各种检测技术以及预防控制方面进行综述,为进一步开展裂谷热相关研究及口岸监测提供参考,降低疫情传入我国的风险。

Rift Valley fever is an acute and potent zoonotic disease caused by the Rift Valley fever virus. It primarily causes sheep, goats, cattle and other animals death and abortion and leads to high morbidity and mortality. Rift Valley fever can also infect humans and people are mainly transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected animal blood and organs, or bitten by virus-borne mosquitoes. Rift Valley fever is epidemic in the African region initially and has been extended to the Arabian Peninsula in recent years. So far, no outbreak of Rift Valley fever occurred in China. Therefore, the author reviewed epidemiological characteristics, various detection techniques and prevention and control measures of Rift Valley fever to carry out the related research at ports and reduce the risk of disease into China.