论宋代制科与学风之关系

On the Relation between Irregular Imperial Examination and the Style of Study in the Song Dynasty

宋代制科有助于士人求名、求知与入仕,是推动宋人尚学风气的重要因素。宋代制科采取资格审查、阁试、御试三级考试制,以论、策为考试科目,要求应试者博学与才用兼备,但由于论、策题目的设置偏重于考察博学一面,对学风影响甚大。一方面,博习强记成为必要的备考功夫,士人要博览众书,谙熟政事,同时沉潜心志,积年而为;另一方面,节取题目成为有效的备考方式。制科与宋人崇尚博通的整体学风有一定契合,不应因其存在弊端就全盘否定。

Song dynasty c includes qualifi As an important factor to promote learning atmosphere, irregular imperial examination in the an help the scholars to acquire reputation, knowledge and official position. This examination cation examination, metropolitan examination and royal examination and the examination subjects is discourse on polities. It encourages the candidates to be both erudite and applied. Because the questions emphasizes erudition, the examination influences the style of study greatly. On one hand, having encyclopedic knowledge is necessary for prepairing for the examination; On the other hand, assigning topics is an effective method to prepaire for the examination. Although there are some disadvantages, irregular imperial examination fits the overall style of study in the Song Dynasty and we should not deny it totally for its drawbacks.