不同状态焦虑水平下运动员对情绪信息的注意偏向

Attentional Bias to Emotional Information of Athletes with Different Level State Anxiety

探讨不同状态焦虑水平下特质焦虑运动员对情绪信息的注意偏向。被试为高/低特质焦虑运动员各30名(两个实验各15名),以正性情绪词、负性情绪词和中性词为刺激材料。通过诱发程序,在实验1中诱发低状态焦虑情绪,在实验2中诱发高状态焦虑情绪,然后进行点探测反应时实验。结果表明,在低状态焦虑水平下,高/低特质焦虑运动员对正性情绪词和负性情绪词的同侧位置反应时与异侧位置反应时均无显著性差异;在高状态焦虑水平下,高特质焦虑运动员的负性情绪词的同侧位置反应时短于异侧位置反应时,对负性情绪词警觉,低特质焦虑运动员负性情绪词的同侧位置反应时长于异侧位置反应时,对负性情绪词回避。在状态焦虑与特质焦虑交互作用下,特质焦虑运动员对负性情绪信息存在注意偏向。

This study aims to investigate trait anxiety athletes＇ attention bias for emotional information with different level of state anxiety. The subjects are 30 high trait anxiety athletes and 30 low trait anxiety athletes. The stimuli are positive words, negative words and neutral words. Low state anxiety is evoked in the first experiment, and high state anxiety in the second experiment. Dot probe tasks are applied in tow experiment. The results showed that for high/low triat anxiety athletes, there are not difference among positive, negative emotional words RT and neutral words RT with a low level of state anxiety. Negative emotional words RT are shorter than neutral words RT for high trait anxiety athletes, which are vigilance to negative emotional words with a high level of state anxiety. While negative emotional words RT are longer than neutral words RT for low trait anxiety athletes, which avoid negative emotional words with a high level of state anxiety. Attention bias to negative emotional Information will appear among trait anxiety athletes because of the interaction of state anxiety and trait anxiety.