论技术·教育与人的发展——兼论教育领域的技术观

Technology, Education and Development of Human——On the View of Technology in Education

长久以来,学界一直以"技术应用于教育"的逻辑来阐释技术对于教育的意义,但这种技术观显然不能诠释技术(特别是信息技术)对教育存在方式的深刻变革。究其原因,将技术置于"人之外"的技术界定方式是此逻辑产生的根源。采用历史与逻辑相统一的分析方法,可以重新正确认识技术与教育及人的发展的关系。从人类学视野关注人类体内进化、社会人进化以及后人类进化的过程和结果来看,技术发展是推动人类进化的主因,这种认识从本体论上超越了技术"人之外"的界定方式;而教育哲学关于教育的本质与人的发展的论述,为阐释教育如何"使人成为人"的深刻内涵提供了认识论上的营养。以此本体论和认识论为基础,我们可以正确解读"人的技术化"与"社会的技术化"的内涵,以及合理澄清两者遭遇诟病的症结。由此我们认为,人与社会的"技术化"是一种历史与现实的必然选择,技术是教育的存在方式,从来就没有外在于教育。以此技术观为出发点,反思我国教育技术的实践,可以梳理出"修旧如旧"和"以旧换新"两种实践形式。"修旧如旧"是落后技术观在实践中的反映,只有"以旧换新"才能逐步有效推进教育信息化的进程。

There is a commonly-accepted idea among the academic circles for a long time that ＂technology is used for education＂, but obviously this view can not interpret the profound changes of the existing mode of education caused by technology, especially the information technology. This logic originates from the definition of technology that technology is outside human being. We may understand the relationship among technology, education and the development of human being correctly by the method of unifying history and logic. Focusing on the process and result of evolution of human body, society and post-human evolution from the perspective of Anthropology, we can ＇realize that among the factors that influence the evolution of human being, the development of technology is the most important, and this view may excel the definition of technology that technology is outside human being from the perspective of ontology; then explain why education can make a person from the perspective of epistemology by drawing work from the educational philosophy; finally we can understand the technicalization of human being and society correctly based on the ontology and epistemology above. From what we stated above, we can draw the conclusion that the technicalization of human being and society is the inevitable choice of history, and as the existing mode of education, technology is never out of education. Reflecting the practice of educational technology based on this view of technology, we put forward that ＂repairing the old as the old＂ is a backward technical view reflected in practice, only ＂replacing the old by the new＂ can effectively promote the education informationization process.