北京平原区第四系地下水污染风险评价

Risk Assessment of Quaternary Groundwater Contamination in Beijing Plain

简述了我国近年来在地下水污染调查与评价方面的工作进展,指出了存在的若干问题.探讨了地下水污染风险评价中的相关概念,并重点论述了地下水污染风险评价与污染评价、脆弱性评价及质量评价的异同.针对北京市平原区的特点,选取了地下水污染评价、地下水质量评价、地下水系统脆弱性评价、地下水系统污染源荷载这4个指标作为评价因子.采用专家打分法确定4个评价因子权重.北京平原区地下水污染风险高、较高、中等、较低、低污染风险区的面积分别为1 232.1、699.3、1 951.4、2 644、133.2 km2.平原区西部及近郊一带污染风险性较高,地下水系统较高的脆弱性和较强的地下水污染源荷载共同作用的结果.在平原东南通州地区,主要是由于历史污染源的存在使得地下水污染的风险较高.

Firstly, advances in investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution in China in the last decade were presented, and several issues in the field which hinder the development of groundwater environment were pointed out. Then, four key concepts in risk assessment of groundwater pollution were briefly described with more emphasis on the difference between groundwater pollution assessment and groundwater quality assessment in this paper. After that, a method on risk assessment of groundwater pollution which included four indicators, the pollution assessment, the quality assessment, the vulnerability and the pollution load of groundwater, was presented based on the regional characteristics of Beijing Plain. Also, AHP and expert scoring method were applied to determine the weight of the four evaluation factors. Finally, the application of this method in Beijing Plain showed the area with high, relative high, medium, relative low and low risk of groundwater contamination was 1 232. 1 km2 , 699.3 km2 , 1 951.4 km2 , 2 644 km2 , and 133.2 km2 , respectively. The study results showed that the higher risk in the western region was likely caused by the higher pollution load and its higher vulnerability, while the relatively high risk in the southeast of Beijing plain area, the Tongzhou District, is mainly caused by historical pollution sources.