大扁杏仁油水酶法提取工艺优化

Optimization of oil extraction from Prunus armeniaca L. using aqueous enzymatic method

为了优化水酶法提取大扁杏仁油的酶解工艺,分别采用7种商业蛋白酶进行酶解,以清油提取率为评价指标,筛选出适合的蛋白酶,通过单因素试验及正交试验确定最佳酶解条件,同时比较水酶法与溶剂法提取的大扁杏仁油理化性质。结果表明,Alcalase 2.4L为最适蛋白酶,优化的酶解工艺条件为:过80目筛的大扁杏仁粉,料液比1∶4,酶解温度55℃,酶解pH 9.0,酶解时间4 h,酶加量3%。在优化条件下,大扁杏仁清油提取率可达72.1%。水酶法与溶剂法所提大扁杏仁油的脂肪酸组成基本相同,但水酶法提取的大扁杏仁油透明度高,风味好,酸值、过氧化值均低于溶剂法的,水酶法是适合大扁杏仁油提取的绿色工艺。

The oil was extracted from Prunus armeniaca L. by aqueous enzymatic method with seven kinds of commercial proteases, and using the extraction rate of free oil as evaluation index to screen proper pro tease. On the basis of single factor experiment, the enzymolysis conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that Alcalase 2.4L was the best enzyme and the optimal enzymolysis con ditions were obtained as follows： particle size of Prunus armeniaca L. 80 mesh, ratio of solid to liquid 1 ： 4, enzymolysis temperature 55 ℃, enzymolysis pH 9.0, enzymolysis time 4 h, enzyme dosage 3%. The extraction rate of free oil could reach 72.1% under the optimal conditions. Additionally, comparing with the solvent method, the oil extracted by aqueous enzymatic method had the same fatty acid composi tion, higher transparency, better flavor and lower acid value and peroxide value. Therefore, aqueous en zymatic method was a green extraction technology suitable for Prunus armeniaca L. oil.