何种类型的研发投资更有利于提高一国生产率?——来自OECD国家的经验证据

Which type of R&D investment can increase the total factor productivity of a country?——empirical evidence from OECD countries

研发投资是提高生产率的重要途径,不同类型的研发活动对于一国生产率的改善存在着差异化作用。本文构建了反映基础研究、应用研究、试验发展与生产率关系的理论模型,并以经合组织(OECD)23个国家1996-2010年的面板数据为样本,从宏观层面检验了不同研发投资对生产率的异质性影响,结果发现:从作用时期来看,试验发展活动对当期全要素生产率增长具有显著的正效应,应用和基础研究的功能发挥则存在一定的时滞,且基础研究的滞后期更长;从影响效果来看,基础研究的偏效应大于应用研究,而试验发展的作用显现虽然非常迅速,但其对生产率的带动效果相对较弱。因此,过多地依靠应用研究和试验发展投资并不是提高一国生产效率的有效途径,应充分重视基础研究的投入和积累,以发挥其在促进生产率中的核心地位和长效作用。

R＆D investment is one of the important ways to increase the total factor productivity,and different types of R＆D activities have different influences on productivity of one country.A theoretical model is built to reflect the relationship between basic research,applied research,experimental development and the productivity,and a panel data of 23 OECD countries from 1996 to 2010 is used to test the different influences of different types of R＆D investment.From the influence period,experimental development activities have a significant positive effect on total factor productivity in the current period,while the applied research and the basic research both have a lagged effect and the lagged time of basic research is longer.From the influence effect,the effect of basic research is stronger than that of the applied research and the effect of experimental development is the weakest but increasing rapidly.Therefore,relying on investment on applied research and experimental development is not an effective way to increase the total factor productivity of one country.The investment and accumulation on basic research should be paid attention to,so as to keep its core status and long-time effects in increasing total factor productivity.