反思与进言:聚焦非遗名录之民间文学

Reflections and Suggestions: Focusing on the Folk Literatures Listed in the Intangible Culture Heritage List

非物质文化遗产保护走过了十年,应该进行冷静而科学的反思。前三批国家非遗项目的申报,是在没有进行全国普查的情况下自下而上进行的,存在着某些盲目性,第四批国家非遗项目的申报,应建立在扎实的田野调查采录基础上。国家非遗名录显示了某种不平衡性,摆在各地文化部门面前的任务,是化解这种不平衡性,以求非遗保护更加符合科学性和文化规律,体现和尊重人民固有的文化权利。对民间文学不能采用其他类别的保护模式,而应在"分类管理"原则下走记录保存和保护的模式。申报者要选择在地域文化或民族文化中有代表性、重大文化意义与社会价值的项目,并对"常见民间故事类型"给予关注。传统性与当代性是民间文学相辅相成的特点,"辅助材料"的编选要坚持唯物史观,凸显民间文学当代的活态存在。

Abstract：After ten years, we should rethink the preservation of intangible cultures seriously and scientifically. The former three sets of application for enrolling in national heritage list were made from bottom to top without nation- wide survey and then existed blindness. The fourth set one must be based on solid field investigation. At the same time, the national list showed some kind of imbalance that should be solved by different culture departments so as to make the list more abide by scientific and cultural rules and respect people＇s cultural rights. Specifically, for the safeguarding of folk literature, we should record them under the guideline of systematic management while the applicants need to choose the representative projects full of cultural and social meanings among regional and eth- nic cultures and pay attention to the usual type of folk literature. The folk literature is characterized by tradition and contemporariness, so the selection of supplementary materials must insist on historical materialism and high- light the current active states of them.