浙江天童常绿阔叶林藤本植物的适应生态学I.叶片解剖特征的比较

ADAPTIVE ECOLOGY OF LIANAS IN TIANTONG EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED FOREST, ZHEJIANG, CHINA I. LEAF ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS

利用解剖学方法对浙江天童森林公园常绿阔叶林的 10属 11种木质藤本叶片的解剖特征进行了比较和因子分析 ,结果表明 :藤本植物叶片结构在不同种类之间具有明显的差异 ,同种藤本的不同植物体的叶片也存在一定的差异 ;这些差异除受遗传因子控制外 ,环境因子 (主要为光照和水分 )也有重要作用 ;攀援方式对藤本叶片特征有一定影响 ,但未表现出规律性。尽管叶片的基本结构仍属中生类型 ,但也表现出一定的趋异适应 ,根据叶片适应特征的差异 ,11种藤本植物可分为 3种类型 ,即偏旱生或阳生叶类型 (包括薜荔 (Ficus pumila)、珍珠莲 (Ficussarmentosa var. henry)和藤构 (Broussonetia kaempferi) ) ,偏阴生叶类型 (羊角藤 (Morinda umbellata)和昆明鸡血藤(Millettia reticulata) )和中生叶类型 (广东蛇葡萄 (Ampelopsis cantoniensis)、中华常春藤 (H edera nepalensis var.sinensis)、短梗南蛇藤 (Celastrus rosthonianus)、暗色菝葜 (Smilax lanceiofolia var.opaca)、薯莨 (Dioscorea cirrhosa)和香港黄檀 (Dalbergia millettii) )。藤本叶片的各部分结构特征对生境条件的适应并未表现出一致的同步变化 ,存在着一定的差异或可塑性 。

The ecological adaptations and leaf characters of ten genera (including eleven species of liana) were studied in evergreen broad-leaved forest of Tiantong Forest Park, Zhejiang province, China. The results are as follows: 1) Despite the mesophyte leaf form of the eleven liana species there were significant differences in leaf anatomical characters among them and some differences among different plants of an individual. These differences are mainly controlled by genetic factors, but environmental factors (mainly light and water or humidity) also had an important influence on them and these may oppose forms required in climbing methods; 2) Based on leaf adaptive characters the 11 species may be divided into three adaptive kinds: sun-adapted taxa or xerophytes (Broussonetia kaempferi, Ficus pumila and F. sarmentosa var. henryi ), shade-adapted taxa (Morinda umbellata, Millettia reticulata) and mesophytes (Ampelopsis cantoniensis, Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis, Smilax lanceiofolia var. opaca, Celastrus rosthonianus, Dioscorea cirrhosa, Dalbergia millettii ); 3) Rates of variation of different anatomical characters adapting to light or humidity differed among species. The ability to vary these characters, which may be influenced by changing environmental factors during the growth of liana, may be important for liana to adapt to the different environmental conditions it experiences through its life.