高黎贡山自然保护区西坡垂直带蚂蚁群落研究

A Study on the Ant Communities on West Slope at Different Elevation of the Gaoligongshan Mountain Nature Reserve in Yunnan,China

首次研究了高黎贡山自然保护区西坡垂直带蚂蚁群落及其物种多样性。在北段和中北段随海拔升高优势种数目增加 ,而在南段随海拔升高优势种数目递减。在北段和中北段随海拔升高优势种所占百分比递减 ,而在南段随海拔升高优势种所占比例递增。在西坡 4个地段均呈现随海拔升高物种数目和密度递减的基本规律。北段和中北段随海拔升高优势度指数降低 ,中南段和南段随海拔升高优势度指数增大。北段随海拔升高多样性指数递增 ,中北段多样性指数缺乏规律性 ,中南段和南段随海拔升高多样性指数递减。北段、中北段和中南段均呈现随海拔升高均匀度指数递增规律 ,而南段表现出随海拔升高均匀度指数递减的相反情况。西坡 4个地段垂直带上 ,蚂蚁群落之间的相似性系数几乎均在 0 0 0～ 0 2 5 ,处于极不相似水平 ,只有 1个系数超过此范围。我们认为在原始植被状态下 ,高黎贡山自然保护区西坡蚂蚁群落的基本规律是随着海拔升高 ,优势种数目递减 ,优势种所占比例递增 ,物种数目递减 ,密度递减 ,优势度指数递增 ,多样性指数递减 ,均匀度指数递减。

The ant communities and their species diversity with altitudinal zonation on west slope of the Gaoligongshan Mountain Nature Reserve were studied for the first time. Along with the increasing of altitude,number of dominant species increases at the north and north middle sections of the reserve,but decreases at the south section. While the altitude increasing,percentage of dominant species decreases at the north and north middle sections,but increases at the south section. It is inferred that along with the increasing of altitude the species number decreases. This study also suggested that the density of individuals decrease while the altitude increasing. At the north and north middle sections the predominant index decreases while altitude increasing,but the index increases at middle south and south sections. Along with the altitude increasing,the species diversity index increases at north section,without regularity at north middle section,and decreases at middle south and south sections. At north,north middle and middle south sections,evenness index increases while altitude increasing,but the index decreases at south section. Similarity coefficient between the ant communities on west slope at all the four sections is almost all between 0 00-0 25,with only one coefficient surpasses this range. We think the basic rules of the species diversity of ant communities on west slope under the state of virgin vegetation should be that along with the altitude increasing,number of dominant species decreases,percentage of dominant species increases,species number decreases,individual density decreases,predominant index increases,species diversity index decreases,and evenness index decreases. The unusual situation observed in the practical investigation might be caused by the destroying of vegetation on the foot of the mountain and half way up the mountain.