血管瞬时受体电位通道的生理功能及其异常导致的相关疾病

The transient receptor potential channels in blood vessel: physiological function, dysfunction and the related diseases

瞬时受体电位(transient receptor potential,TRP)通道最早由Cosens和Manning在果蝇突变体的光感受器细胞中发现。在哺乳动物中,TRP通道广泛表达于中枢和外周神经系统。绝大多数TRP离子通道为非电压依赖性、非选择性阳离子通道。在已经被鉴定的30余种存在于哺乳动物中的TRP通道亚型中,有超过19种在血管中表达,而血管中的TRP被认为可以通过调控Ca2+内流与释放,参与调节多种生理功能,包括调节血管张力、血管通透性、血管分泌功能,参与机械信号传导等。某些TRP亚型(如TRPC3、TRPC6和TRPV1等)的异常表达与高血压或其他血管疾病密切相关。本文旨在对血管上的TRP通道的生理功能及其异常导致的相关疾病进行概述。

Transient receptor potential(TRP) genes were first described in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The TRP channels are widely present in central and peripheral nervous systems in mammalian. Most of the TRP channels are voltageindependent and non-selective cation channels. Among the 33 identified TRP channel proteins,at least 19 of them are expressed in blood vessel( mainly expressed in the vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells). These channels are responsible for the influx or efflux of Ca2 + and therefore contribute to vascular functions including regulation of vascular permeability, controlling vascular tone,mechanosensation and vascular secretion. Abnormal expression and /or dysfunction of TRP channels were observed in the hypertensive blood vessels and other vascular diseases. This article reviews the physiological function of the TRP channels in blood vessel and briefly describes the role of the TRP channels in developing vascular related diseases.